How does a markup language differ from a programming or scripting language?

A markup language is primarily focused on the presentation and organization of data, which means it is used to annotate text or data with tags that define its structure and how it should be displayed to the user. For example, HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) uses tags to define headings, paragraphs, links, and other elements within a webpage, emphasizing how content looks rather than specifying how it behaves.

On the other hand, programming or scripting languages are designed to implement logic and behavior. They provide the constructs to create algorithms, control flow, and perform computations. For example, languages like Python or JavaScript allow developers to create functions, handle user input, and manipulate data dynamically, which involves defining how a program operates and responds to various conditions.

This fundamental difference illustrates that while a markup language organizes and presents information, programming languages focus on creating functionality and interactivity. The distinction aligns with how each type of language is used in development, with markup languages serving as a foundation for presenting information and programming languages enabling the implementation of processes and actions within applications.