What is the primary function of an operating system?

The primary function of an operating system is to manage hardware and software resources. This encompasses overseeing the computer's hardware components, such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices, while also coordinating the execution of application software. By serving as an intermediary between users and the hardware, the operating system allocates resources efficiently, ensuring that different applications can run simultaneously without conflicts. It manages processes, memory, and file systems, making it essential for the overall functioning of a computer system.

The role of an operating system extends beyond merely executing applications; it involves maintaining system stability and performance through effective resource management. While other options mention aspects of an operating system's functionalities, they are not its primary role. For instance, providing internet connectivity is an important feature but relies on the underlying management of network hardware by the operating system. Improving user productivity is a potential outcome of an operating system’s efficiency, yet it is not its primary function.