Which of the following languages are typically considered statically typed?

The reason Java is typically considered a statically typed language is that it requires the explicit declaration of variable types at compile time. In statically typed languages, the type of a variable is known and checked during the compilation process, which helps to catch type-related errors early in the development cycle. This type system enhances code reliability and maintainability, as all variable types must be defined upfront, and any type mismatches will lead to compile-time errors.

In contrast, JavaScript and Python are dynamically typed languages, meaning that variable types can change at runtime, and type checks occur during execution rather than at compile time. Ruby also falls into the category of dynamically typed languages for similar reasons. This distinction highlights the importance of knowing how variable typing works in different programming languages, as it can considerably affect the way developers write and debug their code.